【单选题】
患者男性，急性胰腺炎并发肾功能衰竭，欲行血液透析，下列属于血液透析禁忌证的是___
A. 清尿素氮BUN＞30mmoL/L
B. 清钾＞6.5mmol/L
C. 清肌酐＞908μmol/L
D. 重酸中毒或碱中毒
E. 克
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答案
E
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相关试题
【单选题】
急性肾功能衰竭少尿期，叙述不正确的是___
A. 尿钠浓度＞40mmol/L
B. 尿比重＞1.010
C. 肾小管上皮细胞管型
D. 血钾浓度直线上升
E. 补液后尿量不增加
【单选题】
患者女性，38岁，因骨盆骨折，肝破裂，失血性休克入院。治疗中出现呼吸加快，呼吸窘迫，口唇发绀，双肺闻及湿啰音，Pa02＜8.0kPa。有效处理为___
A. 高浓度口罩吸氧
B. 呼气终末负压通气
C. 人工呼吸
D. 使用呼吸兴奋剂
E. 呼气终末正压通气
【单选题】
患者男性，创伤后休克25小时，经抢救后血压恢复正常，但一直未排尿液，膀胱不充盈，导尿导出尿液100ml。为确定是否为急性肾衰竭，可行下列哪一项检查___
A. 中心静脉压测定
B. PSP试验
C. 血常规
D. 尿钠测定
E. 血细胞比容
【单选题】
患者男性，40岁，矿工，因在坑道工作时塌方，被埋6小时后获救，双股部及臀部明显肿胀，血清钾5.5mmol/L，诊断为挤压伤。为观察有无肾脏并发症，下列哪一项最有意义___
A. 血压.脉率
B. 出血.感染
C. 中心静脉压
D. 尿量.尿钠
E. 瞳孔.神志
【单选题】
出血性休克患者，经手术止血并补充血容量纠正休克，伤后24小时一直无尿，使用速尿无效。以后补液方案应是___
A. 随意口服液体
B. 每天经静脉途径给予2000～2500ml液体
C. 4天内不补充液体
D. 不补液，仅口服山梨醇导泻
E. 按显性失水+不显性失水-内生水公式补液
【单选题】
成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)血气分析结果，氧分压通常低于下列哪一水平___
A. 8.0kPa
B. 10.7kPa
C. 11.0kPa
D. 11.3kPa
E. 13.3kPa
【单选题】
预防多系统器官功能衰竭(MSOF)的重要措施是___
A. 处理各种急症时均应有整体观念
B. 重视患者的循环和呼吸功能
C. 防治感染
D. 尽可能改善全身情况
E. 及早治疗首先发生的器官衰竭
【单选题】
叙述MSOF的正确概念的是___
A. 在急性疾病的过程中，序贯性地发生2个以上器官功能不全
B. 在急性疾病过程中，同时或相继发生一个以上系统和(或)器官的急性衰竭
C. 长期慢性病理过程中引起多个器官的功能损害
D. 同时有多个器官和(或)系统损害
E. 在疾病过程中有3个以上器官先后衰竭
【单选题】
急性肾衰竭少尿期尿比重一般在___
A. 1.010～1.014
B. 1.010～1.020
C. 1.020～1.030
D. 1.010～1.040
E. 1.010～1.030
【单选题】
肾功能失代偿期的饮食宜___
A. 高生物效价低蛋白饮食.高热量
B. 高生物效价高蛋白饮食.高热量
C. 高生物效价适量蛋白质.低热量
D. 高蛋白饮食，蛋白质种类不限.高热量
E. 低蛋白饮食，蛋白质种类不限.高热量
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你的某些团队成员之间的沟通经常出现问题， 导致合作欠佳。 你计划抽一个周末， 把整个团队带到一个度假村参加一系列拓展训练， 并组织篮球、 排球和足球比赛。 这些活动最有利于改善 （ ）。
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【简答题】
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
