【单选题】
装配式钢筋混凝土简支T形梁跨中部分下方做成马蹄形截面,其目的是( )。 ___
A. 便于布置预应力钢筋​
B. 增加梁的稳定性​
C. 承受梁跨中的正弯矩​
D. 增加构件的美观
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【单选题】
所有钢筋接头都不宜位于( )。​___
A. 最大弯矩处​
B. 最大剪力处​
C. 最大轴心压力处​
D. 最大扭矩处
【单选题】
夏季预应力混凝土施工时,抽拔制孔器的时间为:( )。___​
A. 10小时​
B. 3小时​
C. 20小时​
D. 8小时
【单选题】
预应力钢筋超张拉的目的是( )。___​
A. 检验张拉机具的可靠性​
B. 检验钢筋的抗拉强度​
C. 增加张拉控制应力σk值​
D. 减少预应力钢筋的松驰等因素引起的预应力损失
【单选题】
同等跨径条件下( )的主梁高度最小。___​
A. 连续梁桥​
B. 悬臂梁桥​
C. 钢架桥​
D. 斜拉桥
【单选题】
( )体系的斜拉桥既可免除大型支座费用,又能满足悬臂施工要求。___​
A. 漂浮体系​
B. 支撑体系​
C. 塔梁固结体系​
D. 刚构
【单选题】
下列逐跨架设施工方法中施工速度最快的是 ___ ​
A. 逐孔拼装施工​
B. 移动支架逐孔现浇​
C. 整孔或分段架设有现浇接头​
D. 整孔或分段架设无现浇接头
【单选题】
拱不同于梁和柱的地方就是它在竖向荷载作用下拱圈截面具有( )。​___
A. 弯矩​
B. 剪力​
C. 轴向压力​
D. 水平推力
【单选题】
跨径相同,在施工过程中的横向稳定性最好的拱桥应该是( )。___​
A. 双曲拱桥​
B. 肋拱桥​
C. 桁架拱桥​
D. 箱形拱桥
【单选题】
在地基比较差的地区需要修建拱桥,最好修建( )。___​
A. 空腹式拱​
B. 三铰拱​
C. 无铰拱 ​
D. 两铰拱
【单选题】
对于多柱式桥墩,其盖梁可近似地按( )计算。___​
A. 简支梁桥​
B. 悬臂梁桥​
C. 连续梁桥​
D. 刚梁桥
【单选题】
地铁的主体结构工程,以及因结构损坏或大修对地铁运营安全有严重影响的其他结构工程,设计使用年限不应低于( )年。___​
A. 50​
B. 70​
C. 80​
D. 100
【单选题】
作用在地下结构上的荷载不包括___​
A. 地震作用​
B. 沉船、抛锚或河道疏浚产生的撞击力等灾害性荷载​
C. 人防荷载​
D. 施工荷载
【单选题】
生产经营单位从业人员在安全生产方面的义务不包括___​
A. 自律遵规的义务​
B. 自觉学习安全生产知识的义务​
C. 险情报告义务​
D. 获得安全生产教育和培训的义务
【单选题】
高处作业是指在坠落基准面( )以上(含( ))有可能坠落的高处进行的作业​___
A. 2m ​
B. 3m ​
C. 2.5m​
D. 1.5m
【单选题】
临边作业是指:施工现场中,工作面边沿无维护设施或维护设施高低遇()cm时的高处作业。___​
A. 80cm​
B. 90cm​
C. 70cm​
D. 100cm
【单选题】
下列作业条件不属于临边作业___​
A. 基坑周边,无防护的阳台、料台与挑平台等​
B. 无防护楼层、楼面周边​
C. 无防护的楼梯口和题端口​
D. 沟槽与管道孔洞
【单选题】
在建筑物周围搭拆脚手架、张挂安全网,装拆塔机、龙门架、井字架、施工电梯、桩架,登高安装钢结构构件等作业都属于()。___​
A. 临边作业​
B. 攀登作业​
C. 洞口作业​
D. 交叉作业
【单选题】
建筑施工中的构件吊装,利用吊篮进行外装修,悬挑或悬空梁板、雨棚等特殊部位支拆模板、扎筋、浇混领土等项目作业都属于___​
A. 洞口作业​
B. 交叉作业​
C. 悬空作业​
D. 临边作业
【单选题】
现场施工上部搭设脚手架、吊运物料、地面上的人员搬运材料、制作钢筋,或外墙装修下面打底抹灰、上面进行面层装修等等,都是施工现场的()。___​
A. 洞口作业​
B. 交叉作业​
C. 悬空作业​
D. 临边作业
【单选题】
结构施工自二层起,凡人员进出的通道口(包括井架、施工电梯的进出口),均应搭设安全防护棚。高度超过( )时,防护棚应设双层。___​
A. 16m​
B. 20m​
C. 24m​
D. 28m
【单选题】
钢管脚手架应用外径为()为宜。___​
A. 48~51mm​
B. 60~63mm​
C. 45~48mm​
D. 39~41mm
【单选题】
木脚手立杆有效部分的小头直径不得小于()。​___
A. 70mm​
B. 60mm​
C. 50mm​
D. 30mm
【单选题】
竹脚手的立杆、大横杆、剪刀撑、支杆等有效部分的小头直径不得小于()。___
A. 75mm​
B. 60mm​
C. 50mm​
D. 30mm
【单选题】
木质桥板应用厚度不小于()的杉木或松木板。​___
A. 75mm​
B. 60mm​
C. 50mm​
D. 30mm
【单选题】
木质桥板宽度以()为宜。___​
A. 100~200mm​
B. 200~300mm​
C. 300~400mm​
D. 400~500mm
【单选题】
脚手架的绑扎材料可用8号镀锌铁丝或直径不小于( )的麻绳或竹篾。___​
A. 10mm​
B. 60mm​
C. 50mm​
D. 30mm
【单选题】
脚手架底部必须垫不小于5cm×15cm×200cm的通板,内外立杆加绑( )。___​
A. 扫地杆​
B. 木质桥板​
C. 8号镀锌铁丝​
D. 竹篾
【单选题】
衫嵩立杆埋深50cm,加绑()。​___
A. 扫地杆​
B. 木质桥板​
C. 8号镀锌铁丝​
D. 竹篾
【单选题】
脚手架必须按层与结构拉结固牢,拉结点垂直距离不得大于()。___​
A. 75mm​
B. 20mm​
C. 50mm​
D. 30mm
【单选题】
脚手板对接应设双排小横杆,两小横杆间距不大于()。___​
A. 75mm​
B. 20mm​
C. 50mm​
D. 30mm
【单选题】
脚手架操作面外侧应设两道护身栏和一道挡脚板或设一道护身栏,立挂安全网,下口封严,防护高度为( )。严禁用竹笆作脚手架。___
A. ​1.5m​
B. 2m ​
C. 3m ​
D. 2.5m
【单选题】
凡高度在20m及以上的外脚手架纵向应设置___​
A. 剪刀撑​
B. 竹篾​
C. 扫地杆​
D. 木质桥板
【单选题】
剪刀撑与水平面的夹角为( )。___​
A. 15度至30度
B. ​45度至60度​
C. 25度至40度​
D. 35度至50度
【单选题】
剪刀撑搭接长度不少于60cm,且在搭接处加至少()个扣件。___​
A. 4​
B. 3​
C. 2​
D. 1
【单选题】
脚手架高度在( )以下时可设置正反斜支撑。___​
A. 60m
B. 50m​
C. 30m​
D. 20m
【单选题】
脚手架个杆件相交伸出的端头均应大于(),以防止杆件滑脱。___​
A. 10cm​
B. 20cm​
C. 50cm​
D. 30cm
【单选题】
脚手架操作面的端头处应绑两道()。___
A. 防护栏杆​
B. 剪刀撑​
C. 竹篾​
D. 扫地杆
【单选题】
因施工需要,立杆不能伸到基础时,经计算在断杆处加___,将此断杆处的力分卸到两侧架子上。()​
A. 扫地杆​
B. 八字撑​
C. 防护栏杆​
D. 剪刀撑
【单选题】
特殊脚手架和高度在()(含)以上的高大脚手架,应有设计方案。___​
A. 60m​
B. 50m
C. ​30m​
D. 20m
【单选题】
结构用的里外沉重脚手架,使用时荷载不得超过___​
A. 2646N
B. 2796N​
C. 2876N​
D. 2986N
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In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
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In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
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In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
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Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
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In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
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Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
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As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
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Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
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In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
________不属于鼠类及体表寄生虫携带的病原体。___
A. 鼠疫耶尔森菌
B. 汉坦病毒
C. 黄病毒属病毒
D. 致病性钩端螺旋体
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送,如果在24h内不能到达实验室的,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在_____。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物死体样本运送,如果在装箱后4h内能够到达实验室的,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在______。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送,如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的,应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样,运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
恰加斯病也称为美洲锥虫病,其重要的传播媒介是________。___
A. 采采蝇
B. 厩螫蝇
C. 锥蝽
D. 埃及伊蚊
【单选题】
_______是黑热病内脏利什曼病的主要传播媒介。___
A. 锥蝽
B. 白蛉
C. 蠓
D. 蚋
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本,现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
_______不适用于入出境集装箱携带蝇、蚊、蠓的采集。___
A. 挥网法
B. 电动吸蚊器法
C. 直接捡取法
D. 二氧化碳诱蚊灯法
【单选题】
入境航空器应在______开始病媒生物监测。___
A. 卸货完成后
B. 抵达后
C. 等航空公司通知
D. 发现病媒生物时
【单选题】
进行集装箱携带输入性病媒生物监测时应准备的个人防护用品包括______。___
A. 乳胶手套、防护服
B. 防毒面具
C. 自给式呼吸器
D. 化学防护服
【单选题】
若要对采集到的输入性鼠类进行携带的病毒进行检测,取得其内脏器官的保存温度是_____。___
A. -80℃或以下
B. 0℃
C. 常温
D. 4℃-8℃
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行,锚位距陆地距离不少于______,或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m;1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
开展入境船舶输入性病媒生物监测工作中,在采集并保存病媒生物时由________陪同人员确认。___
A. 旅行社
B. 船方
C. 代理公司
D. 海事部门
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的,国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人,必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告,迅速查明原因,实施卫生处理。___
A. 蚊类
B. 鼠类
C. 蝇类
D. 蜚蠊