【填空题】
56. 病原菌的致病性与其具有的毒力,侵入的___及___有密切联系。  
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【填空题】
57. 细菌的毒力是由___和___决定的。 
【填空题】
58. 细菌的侵袭力是有___和___构成的。 
【填空题】
59.  内毒素是___细胞壁中的___成分,内毒素的致病作用有___,___,___,___。  
【填空题】
60. 类毒素是由___经甲醛处理制备所得,可刺激机体产生___。 
【填空题】
61.  外毒素的化学成分是___,可用甲醛处理制备成___。 
【填空题】
62. 依据外毒素的作用和机制不同,可将外毒素分为___,___和肠毒素。
【填空题】
63. 构成非特异性免疫的因素有___,___和___。 
【填空题】
64. 全身感染的类型有___,___,___,___。 
【填空题】
67. 葡萄球菌的主要致病因素有___,___,___, ___,___,___,___,___,___,___,___,___,___。 
【填空题】
68. 肺炎链球菌的主要疾病物质是___,该物质具有___作用,肺炎链球菌引起的疾病主要是___。 
【填空题】
69. 预防新生儿淋病性结膜炎可用___。 
【填空题】
70. 大肠埃希菌的某些菌株毒力较强,可直接引起肠道感染,统称为___。 
【填空题】
71. 致病性大肠杆菌主要包括___,___,___,___,___。
【填空题】
72. 人类沙门菌感染主要引起___,___,___。 
【填空题】
73. 破伤风梭菌主要存在于___,___,以___形式而长期存活。 
【填空题】
74. 破伤风梭菌主要经___感染,致病物质主要是___。 
【填空题】
75. 预防破伤风,可接种___,进行人工主动免疫或接种___进 行紧急预防。 
【填空题】
76. 破伤风的特异性治疗是应用___,注射前必须做___试验。 
【填空题】
77. 结核分枝杆菌对于干燥、酸碱抵抗力强,但对___、___和___较敏感。 
【填空题】
78. 卡介苗是用___制备而成的___疫苗。 
【填空题】
79. 卡介苗的接种对象主要是___和___。 
【填空题】
80. 调查人群对结合有无免疫力,可用___试验,其原理是___,阴性结果一般说明机体___,无免疫力者应接种卡介苗。
【填空题】
81. 裸露病毒体通过___方式释放,包膜病毒体通过___方式释放。 
【填空题】
82. HIV通过___媳妇易感细胞表面的___分子,造成___细胞数量和功能降 低,进而导致免疫缺陷。
【填空题】
83. HIV的传染源是___和___,传播方式主要有___,___和___。 
【填空题】
84. 人类狂犬病的主要传染源是___和___,感染动物在发病前___天,可经___ 排毒。 
【填空题】
85. 诊断狂犬病可取脑组织检查___。 
【填空题】
86. 肝炎病毒中由粪-口途径传播的有___、___,由血液和垂直途径传播的有___、 ___、___、___、___。 
【填空题】
87. 肝炎病毒中属于DNA病毒的是___,属于缺损病毒的是___ 。
【填空题】
88. 以引起急性肝炎为主,一般不转化为慢性或携带者的肝炎病毒是___和___,感染后易转化为慢性肝炎病毒是___、___和___。 
【填空题】
89. 肝炎病毒中,感染后可获得牢固免疫力的是___,最易发生变异而转化为慢性感染 的是___。 
【填空题】
90. 临床上HBV两对半指的是___,___,___,___,___ 。
【填空题】
91. 流感病毒根据___抗原和___抗原的不同,可以分为___,___,___二类,这个类型之间___交叉免疫反应。 
【填空题】
92. 决定流感病毒亚型的特异性抗原是___和___ 。
【填空题】
93. 病毒在人群个体间的传播称为___通过胎盘或产道由母体传给胎儿称___ 。
【填空题】
94. 病毒对宿主细胞的直接作用包括___,___,___,___,___。
【填空题】
95. 病毒的持续性感染包括_________ 。
【填空题】
96. 病毒基因和细胞染色体的结合称为___其后果可使细胞发生___ 。
【填空题】
97. 干扰素的功能主要表现在_________等方面 。
【填空题】
98. 病毒属于___必须在___内生存,对抗生素不敏感。 
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