【单选题】
血清钠浓度高于多少时诊断为高渗性缺水___
A. 135mmol/L
B. 140mmol/L
C. 145mmol/L
D. 150mmol/L
E. 160mmol/L
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答案
D
解析
暂无解析
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酸中毒pH低于___
A. 7.15
B. 7.35
C. 7.55
D. 7.25
E. 7.45
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正常成年人24小时水代谢,下列哪项是错误的___
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D. 无形失水850ml
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【单选题】
血清钾浓度低于多少时称为低钾血症___
A. 7.5mmol/L
B. 6.5mmol/L
C. 5.5mmol/L
D. 4.5mmol/L
E. 3.5mmol/L
【单选题】
等渗性缺水,下列不正确的是___
A. 多发生在消化液的大量丢失
B. 多发生在大面积烧伤后48小时内
C. 口渴.尿少.厌食.恶心.软弱无力
D. 迅速丧失细胞外液达到体重5%时,出现心率加快,血压下降
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细胞外液中主要的阳离子为___
A. K
B. Na
C. Mg
D. Ca
E. Fe
【单选题】
细胞内液中主要的阳离子为___
A. K
B. Na
C. Ca
D. Mg
E. Fe
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低钾血症时不会出现___
A. 腹胀
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【单选题】
代谢性酸中毒的常见病因中,下列不正确的是___
A. 肾功能不全
B. 长期禁食
C. 腹泻,肠瘘
D. 休克
E. 长期胃肠减压
【单选题】
患者女性,60岁。因胆石症急性发作,呕吐多次,不能进食。目前该患者生命体征平稳,尚无明显缺水征象。比较确切的护理诊断___
A. 体液不足
B. 组织灌注量改变
C. 有体液不足的危险
D. 焦虑
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【单选题】
代谢性酸中毒的最典型表现是___
A. 尿液呈酸性
B. 心率加快,血压降低
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D. 严重者神志不清,甚至昏迷
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【单选题】
关于补钾下列哪项是错误的___
A. 浓度不超过0.3%
B. 总量不超过8g/d
C. 紧急情况下可少量静脉注射10%氯化钾
D. 速度不超过60滴/分
E. 尿量>40ml/h
【单选题】
患者男性,腹痛.呕吐,肛门停止排气.排便,以急性肠梗阻入院2天。入院后行胃肠减压,患者口渴.皮肤干燥.尿量减少。下列哪一项护理诊断比较合适___
A. 体液不足
B. 活动无耐力
C. 有皮肤受损的危险
D. 营养失调一低于机体需要量
E. 有受伤的危险
【单选题】
高渗性缺水的补液原则,下列哪一项是错误的___
A. 先快后慢
B. 先盐后糖
C. 尿畅补钾
D. 先晶体后胶体
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【单选题】
关于缺水的叙述,下列不正确的是___
A. 等渗性缺水,细胞内液无明显改变
B. 低渗性缺水无明显口渴
C. 高渗性缺水常有尿少.比重高
D. 高渗性缺水比低渗性缺水更易发生血容量减少
E. 3种脱水都有血液浓缩现象
【单选题】
高渗性缺水早期的主要表现是___
A. 狂躁
B. 口渴
C. 昏迷
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【单选题】
低钾血症不会出现下列哪种表现是___
A. 心电图改变
B. 腱反射亢进
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【单选题】
高钾血症引起心律失常时,采取的急救措施是___
A. 10%右旋糖酐500ml,静脉滴注
B. 0.9%氯化钠溶液20ml,静脉注射
C. 5%碳酸氢钠溶液60ml,静脉注射
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【单选题】
治疗等渗性缺水首选的液体是___
A. 50%葡萄糖溶液
B. 高渗盐水
C. 低渗盐水
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【单选题】
代谢性酸中毒最突出的症状是___
A. 全身乏力.眩晕
B. 唇干舌燥,眼窝凹陷
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【单选题】
下列哪项可引起低渗性缺水___
A. 长期胃肠减压
B. 弥漫性腹膜炎
C. 大量出汗
D. 肠瘘
E. 烧伤
【单选题】
患者男性,体重50kg。因食道癌进水不足,现口渴明显.唇干.皮肤弹性差.眼窝凹陷。当天需补充大约多少液体___
A. 1500ml
B. 2000ml
C. 2500ml
D. 3000ml
E. 3500ml
【单选题】
引起高钾血症的病因,下列错误的是___
A. 输入大量库存血
B. 慢性肾衰竭
C. 急性肾功能衰竭多尿期
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E. 大面积烧伤
【单选题】
某幽门梗阻患者,反复呕吐1周,应考虑___
A. 代谢性酸中毒
B. 代谢性碱中毒
C. 呼吸性酸中毒
D. 呼吸性碱中毒
E. 高钾血症
【单选题】
不属于代谢性酸中毒病因的是___
A. 严重损伤和感染
B. 输入过量的酸性药物
C. 幽门梗阻性呕吐
D. 高热或休克
E. 腹泻.肠瘘.胆瘘
【单选题】
在下列引起代谢性酸中毒的原因中,哪一项是错误的___
A. 急性腹膜炎
B. 休克
C. 长期禁食
D. 长期反复呕吐
E. 急性肾功能衰竭
【单选题】
重度等渗性缺水时补液常用___
A. 平衡盐溶液
B. 右旋糖酐
C. 5%碳酸氢钠溶液
D. 等渗盐水
E. 全血
【单选题】
下列不会引起低钾血症的是___
A. 长期禁食
B. 碱中毒
C. 大手术或严重创伤后早期
D. 呕吐.腹泻
E. 大量输入葡萄糖溶液和胰岛素
【单选题】
维持体液平衡,保持内环境稳定,机体主要通过下面哪个系统或器官___
A. 神经系统
B. 内分泌系统
C. 下丘脑―垂体后叶―血管升压素系统
D. 肾
E. 肾素-醛固硐系统
【单选题】
大量输入生理盐水可能会造成___
A. 低钠血症
B. 高氯酸中毒
C. 水中毒
D. 高钠血症
E. 代谢性碱中毒
【单选题】
容易并发低钾性碱中毒的疾病是下列哪一项___
A. 长期静脉高营养
B. 长期吞咽困难
C. 肠瘘
D. 幽门梗阻
E. 输入大量库存血
【单选题】
纠正低钾.低氯碱中毒,一般采用___
A. 5%葡萄糖液
B. 输注平衡盐溶液
C. 输注氯化钠溶液
D. 输注0.1mol/L盐酸溶液
E. 输注氯化钠和氯化钾溶液
【单选题】
有关体液过多患者的护理,下列不正确的是___
A. 给予呋噻米20mg静脉注射
B. 按医嘱给予高渗液以排出过多的水分
C. 禁用大量低渗液洗胃.灌肠
D. 对易引起血管升压素(ADH)分泌增加的高危患者,避免输液过量.过快
E. 轻者不必限制水的入量
【单选题】
代谢性酸中毒的临床表现中,下列正确的是___
A. 呼吸深而快
B. 面色发绀(发绀)
C. 耳前面神经叩击试验阳性
D. 呼吸浅而快
E. 血压升高
【单选题】
患者女性,39岁,腹痛.腹泻伴频繁呕吐2天。体检:脉搏120次/分.呼吸30次/分.血压12/8kPa,呼吸深快,似可闻及烂苹果气味。最好应进行下列哪一种检查___
A. 血清钙测定
B. 血清钾测定
C. 血气分析
D. 血清钠测定
E. 血C0,CP测定
【单选题】
低渗性缺水时尿氯和钠的含量应该是___
A. 尿氯增加,尿钠减少
B. 无变化
C. 增加
D. 减少或缺乏
E. 随尿量变化而变化
【单选题】
高渗性缺水的处理原则不正确的是___
A. 尽早去除病因
B. 静脉补充5%葡萄糖溶液
C. 立即补钾
D. 鼓励患者多饮水
E. 静脉补充0.45%盐水
【单选题】
醛固酮的主要作用是___
A. 保钾排钠
B. 保钠保钾
C. 排氢保钾
D. 保钠排钾
E. 排氢排钾
【单选题】
进行液体疗法时,如果首日计划输液总量为4000ml,第一个8小时的输液量是___
A. 500ml
B. 1000ml
C. 1500ml
D. 2000ml
E. 2500ml
【单选题】
关于水与钠代谢紊乱的叙述,下列错误的是___
A. 出汗浸湿一身衬衣裤,丢失的水分约1000ml
B. 气管切开术后,每天经呼吸道多丢失水分约1000ml
C. 体温每升高1℃,每公斤体重每天多丢失水分3~5ml
D. 成年女性体液总量占体重的55%
E. 皮肤每天无形失水量达1000ml
【单选题】
高热患者,口渴.口唇干燥.眼窝凹陷.皮肤弹性差,尿量减少。心率90次/分,血压16/11kPa,应先给予下列哪一种液体___
A. 10%葡萄糖溶液
B. 5%葡萄糖溶液
C. 生理盐水
D. 平衡盐溶液
E. 右旋糖酐溶液
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Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.
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is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.
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A. A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.
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About of American crops are for export.
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A. A. Medicare
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The following inventions took place during the “second indThe following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .
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The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .
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Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.
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The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .
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America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .
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The President is directly voted into office by .
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A. A. at least 35 years old
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The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
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President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.
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The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.
A. A. neutrality
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The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .
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