【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
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答案
1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。这支军队被称为大军。拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
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相关试题
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
A. 蚊类
B. 鼠类
C. 蝇类
D. 蜚蠊
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【单选题】
某夜，甲、乙两人携带作案工具，准备盗窃某武警部队的枪支、弹药。两人来到武警部队驻地的围墙外，发现里面灯火通明，戒备森严，感到无从下手，于是返回。甲、乙两人的行为属于（ ）。
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甲（77周岁）在家里使用明火时一不小心引发了火灾，将隔壁邻居家房屋烧毁，造成巨大财产损失，对甲判处刑罚时，（ ）。
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B. 可以减轻处罚
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【单选题】
甲（15周岁）、乙（18周岁）合谋绑架人质，在甲去取赎金时，乙未与甲商量便杀害了人质。几个月后两人又绑架了一名人质，在取到赎金后，又将人质身上的1000元现金抢走。甲的行为（ ）。
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C. 前一次构成故意杀人罪，后一次构成抢劫罪
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A. 绑架罪
B. 盗窃罪
C. 抢劫罪
D. 抢劫罪、绑架罪
【单选题】
刘某（15周岁）放学骑自行车回家，因逆行且车速极快，在转弯处撞着对面行走的张某，造成张某因颅脑损伤，经抢救无效而死亡。刘某的行为（ ）。
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C. 属于意外事件
D. 构成交通肇事罪
【单选题】
下列应当负刑事责任的是（ ）。
A. 胡某（15周岁）实施走私毒品行为
B. 马某（14周岁）在实施强迫卖淫过程中，造成被害人轻伤
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D. 王某（14周岁）在绑架过程中，实施抢劫行为
【单选题】
甲以转贷牟利为目的，虚构事实，编造理由，非法套取某银行信贷资金500万元，然后又将500万元以更高的利息贷给乙，违法所得20万元。甲的行为构成（ ）。
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B. 骗取贷款罪
C. 高利转贷罪
D. 贷款诈骗罪
【单选题】
下列关于刑事责任年龄的说法正确的是（ ）。
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B. 已满14周岁不满16周岁的人，犯故意杀人、故意伤害、强奸、抢劫、贩卖毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪的，应当负刑事责任
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D. 已满16周岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事责任
【单选题】
钱某使用假印章和变造的保险单与保险人签订保险合同，收取保费。投保人达160人之多，非法收取保费四十余万元，钱某在保险单上留有真实的联系电话，当投保人发生险损，钱某进行了一定的理赔。则钱某的行为表述正确的是（ ）
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C. 钱某构成非法经营罪
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24岁的张某非常喜欢邻居家的4周岁男孩。一日，张某带小孩到一座桥上玩，张某提着小孩的双手将其悬于桥栏，小孩边喊"害怕"边挣扎，张某手一滑，小孩掉入河中，张某急忙抢救，小孩已溺水而死。从刑法理论上看，张某对小孩的死亡结果在主观方面是（ ）。
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B. 疏忽大意的过失
C. 过于自信的过失
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【单选题】
下列情况，不属于正当防卫的是（ ）。
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B. 小偷逃离盗窃现场，被失主追上，将其打成轻伤
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B. 故意伤害罪
C. 投放危险物质罪（未遂）
D. 故意杀人罪（未遂）
【单选题】
甲给丙人民币1万元，让丙在5天内把自己的仇人乙杀死。丙于次日夜潜入乙家，见家中无人，遂盗走乙家中财物5000元。在这一案件中，甲的行为（ ）。
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B. 不构成犯罪
C. 应当从轻处罚
D. 应当从重处罚
【单选题】
甲、乙共谋伤害丙，进而共同对丙实施伤害行为，导致丙身受一处重伤，但不能查明该重伤由谁的行为引起。下列说法正确的是（ ）。
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A. 赵某、续某均成立故意伤害罪（致人死亡），属于共同犯罪
B. 赵某成立故意伤害罪（致人死亡），续某成立故意杀人罪（既遂），在故意伤害范围内成立共同犯罪
C. 赵某成立故意伤害罪（致人死亡），续某成立故意杀人罪（既遂），不属于共同犯罪
D. 赵某、续某均成立故意杀人罪（既遂），属于共同犯罪
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二手手机店老板甲提供摩托车，让乙和丙配合去飞车抢夺手机，然后将抢来的手机在其店内销售。乙、丙共抢得手机30多部，卖得赃款5万多元。以下说法正确的是（ ）。
A. 乙、丙的行为构成销售赃物罪的帮助犯
B. 3人构成抢夺罪的共同犯罪
C. 3人都构成抢夺罪和销售赃物罪，应数罪并罚
D. 甲的行为构成销售赃物罪
【单选题】
朱某多次唆使严重不能辨别是非的精神病患者刘某盗窃别人财物，且数额巨大。下列说法正确的是（ ）。
A. 两人构成共同犯罪
B. 朱某和刘某均不构成犯罪
C. 朱某为教唆犯，刘某不构成犯罪
D. 朱某单独构成犯罪，刘某不构成犯罪
【单选题】
甲与乙共谋次日共同杀丙并已事先踩点，但次日甲因腹泻未能前往犯罪地点，乙独自一人杀死丙。关于本案，下列说法正确的是（ ）。
A. 乙承担故意杀人既遂的刑事责任
B. 甲与乙构成故意杀人罪的共犯
C. 甲不承担故意杀人既遂的刑事责任
D. 甲承担故意杀人预备的刑事责任
【单选题】
甲、乙共谋入室盗窃，约定甲进入室内寻找财物，乙在外放风。但在甲刚好翻墙入室，尚未着手盗窃财物之时，乙即因心生恐惧而逃跑，后甲窃得财物价值1万元，乙的行为（ ）。
A. 不构成犯罪
B. 构成犯罪既遂
C. 构成犯罪中止
D. 构成犯罪未遂
【单选题】
驾驶员在正常行车途中，发现两个小孩从侧面横过马路，驾驶员刹不住车，急转方向盘，汽车朝路旁的空房撞去，致车和空房损坏严重。驾驶员的行为是（ ）。
A. 意外事件
B. 紧急避险
C. 故意毁坏财物
D. 交通肇事
【单选题】
下列行为属于犯罪中止的是（ ）。
A. 乙为了报复而欲杀仇人，误将白糖当做砒霜实施投毒杀人行为
B. 甲在盗窃某单位的枪支时，触发了警报系统而逃走
C. 丁在抢劫时被巡逻的民警当场擒获
D. 丙在抢劫时发现被害人是其小学教师后逃走
【单选题】
下列关于紧急避险的表述，错误的是（ ）。
A. 紧急避险超过必要限度造成不应有的损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚
B. 为了使他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已的情况下，可以采取紧急避险行为
C. 为了使本人利益免受正在发生的危险，不得已的情况下，可以采取紧急避险行为
D. 任何人为避免本人危险，而实施的紧急避险行为都可以适用刑法关于紧急避险的规定
【单选题】
刘某欲杀死与其有矛盾的李某，用菜刀对其头部砍击数下，李某倒地后，刘某以为李某已死，便迅速逃离。李某被送到医院进行抢救，因医院医疗设备落后，李某经抢救无效死亡。刘某的行为构成（ ）。
A. 故意杀人罪（既遂）
B. 过失致人死亡罪
C. 故意杀人罪（未遂）
D. 故意伤害罪
【单选题】
甲欲开枪杀乙，射击的结果却是导致乙重伤，同时导致乙身边的丙死亡。关于本案，下列说法中正确的是（ ）。
A. 认定甲的行为成立一个故意杀人罪即可
B. 认定甲的行为成立一个故意杀人未遂和一个过失致人死亡罪
C. 认定甲的行为成立一个故意杀人罪和一个过失致人重伤罪
D. 认定甲的行为成立一个故意杀人罪和一个故意杀人罪未遂，实行并罚
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张某于某晚到公园散步时，看到一"姑娘"，张某即上前摁倒该人欲实施强奸，随即发现对方是男人，张某只好停止侵害逃离现场。张某的行为属于（ ）。
A. 不构成犯罪
B. 犯罪未遂
C. 犯罪既遂
D. 犯罪中止
【单选题】
甲将他人的一台价值8000余元的彩电偷回家中，经其父、兄规劝，在失主发觉前，又偷偷送回原处。甲的行为属于（ ）。
A. 犯罪中止
B. 犯罪未遂
C. 犯罪预备
D. 犯罪既遂
【单选题】
曹某为骗取钱财，用4公斤面粉冒充海洛因售卖给陈某。陈某认为是毒品，打算售卖但尚未卖出即被警方抓获。陈某的行为构成（ ）。
A. 诈骗罪既遂
B. 贩卖毒品罪未遂
C. 贩卖毒品罪既遂
D. 诈骗罪未遂
【单选题】
青年工人甲利用工厂机器自制一把万能钥匙。某日，甲利用该万能钥匙企图打开某商户防盗门行窃，由于技艺粗糙，该万能钥匙未能打开防盗门，甲准备离开时被保安抓获，并在其身上搜出一把三角刀。甲的行为（ ）。
A. 属于犯罪中止
B. 不构成犯罪
C. 属于犯罪预备
D. 属于犯罪未遂
【单选题】
胡某到某银行实施抢劫，到达银行后，发现周围停有多辆警车，并有警察在活动，感到无法下手，遂返回。胡某的行为属于（ ）。
A. 没有犯罪行为
B. 犯罪中止
C. 犯罪未遂
D. 犯罪预备
【单选题】
(17年新增试题)张某打着介绍婚姻的幌子，不顾妇女甲的反对，强行将其出卖给男子乙。对张某应当以（ ）追究刑事责任。
A. 非法拘禁罪
B. 拐卖妇女罪
C. 暴力干涉婚姻自由罪
D. 诈骗罪
【单选题】
油库工人许某，在上班输油作业过程中擅自离开作业现场。储油罐装满后，汽油外溢，发生火灾，造成直接经济损失200万元。许某的行为构成（ ）。
A. 重大责任事故罪
B. 玩忽职守罪
C. 失火罪
D. 危险物品肇事罪
