【单选题】
___是指人们通过学习法律知识、理解法律本质、运用法治思维、依法维护权利与依法履行义务的素质、修养和能力。
A. 法治素养
B. 思想道德素质
C. 文化素养
D. 道德修养
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【单选题】
学习本课程，有助于大学生领悟人生真谛，坚定理想信念，践行___，做新时代的忠诚爱国者和改革创新的生力军。
A. 价值观
B. 道德观
C. 社会主义核心价值观
D. 核心价值观
【单选题】
当代大学生要成为有理想有本领有担当的时代新人，需要有高强的本领才干，勤奋学习，全面发展。以下做法不正确的是___
A. 惜时如金、孜孜不倦
B. 又博又专、愈博愈专
C. 兼收并蓄、全面发展
D. 心有旁骛、追求自由
【单选题】
作为实现中华民族伟大复兴的生力军，大学生的担当精神体现为奉献祖国、奉献人民、尽心尽力、勇于担责，必须讲求奉献，实干进取，自觉树立国家意识、民族意识、___，把个人前途命运与国家、民族的前途命运紧紧地联系在一起，
A. 大局意识
B. 责任意识
C. 创新意识
D. 法治意识
【单选题】
人生观就是___等问题的总观点和总看法。
A. 人们对美好未来的向往和追求
B. 人类社会中人们之间的相互需要关系
C. 人们对整个世界最根本的看法和观点
D. 人们关于人生目的、人生态度、人生价值
【单选题】
思考人生，树立正确的人生观，首先需要对___等问题有科学的认识。
A. “人是什么”和“人的本质是什么”
B. “人是什么”和“人的目标是什么”
C. “人是什么”和“人的理想是什么”
D. “人是什么”和“人的信仰是什么”
【单选题】
马克思运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的立场观点方法，揭开了人的本质之谜。他指出：“人的本质不是单个人所固有的抽象物，在其现实性上，它是一切___的总和。”
A. 阶级关系
B. 现实世界
C. 生产关系
D. 社会关系
【单选题】
马克思中学毕业时即表示要“为人类福利而劳动”；毛泽东青年时便立志“以天下为己任”；周恩来在南开中学时提出“为中华崛起而读书”，这些事例告诉我们___
A. 人生目的决定走什么样的人生道路
B. 人生目的决定持什么样的人生态度
C. 人生目的决定选择什么样的人生价值标准
D. 人生目的决定保持什么样的人生精神状态
【单选题】
人生的自我价值，是个体的人生活动对自己的生存和发展所具有的价值，主要表现为对___
A. 人在社会中的存在
B. 自身物质和精神需要的满足程度
C. 人在社会实践中所创造的物质精神财富
D. 人在社会中所处的阶层和地位
【单选题】
___的思想以其科学而高尚的品质，代表了人类社会迄今最先进的人生追求。
A. “服务人民、奉献社会”
B. “主观为自己，客观为他人”
C. “服务国家、奉献社会”
D. “主观为他人，客观为自己”
【单选题】
评价人生价值的根本尺度,是看一个人的实践活动___，是否促进了历史的进步。
A. 是否促进个人的发展
B. 是否促进生产力的发展
C. 是否促进生产关系的改善
D. 是否符合社会发展的客观规律
【单选题】
在今天，衡量人生价值的标准，最重要的就是看一个人是否用自己的劳动和聪明才智为国家和___真诚奉献，为( )尽心尽力服务。
A. 集体、人民群众
B. 社会、社会成员
C. 集体、社会成员
D. 社会、人民群众
【单选题】
美好的人生目标要靠___才能转化为现实。大学生要在科学高尚的人生观指引下，正确对待人生矛盾，自觉抵制错误观念，努力提升人生境界，成就出彩人生。
A. 客观引导
B. 主观思想
C. 社会实践
D. 规划设计
【单选题】
毛泽东在《七律•长征》一诗中，用“红军不怕远征难,万水千山只等闲”，形象地写出了红军长征的艰苦卓绝，用“更喜岷山千里雪，三军过后尽开颜”的豪迈诗句，生动描述了红军夺取胜利的喜悦心情，阐明了___的辩证统一关系。
A. 得与失
B. 苦与乐
C. 顺与逆
D. 荣与辱
【单选题】
孔子谓“杀身成仁”，孟子曰“舍生取义”，司马迁认为“人固有一死，或重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛”，这些千古名句说明人需要树立正确的___
A. 生死观
B. 荣辱观
C. 苦乐观
D. 顺逆观
【单选题】
由于受国内外各种错误思潮、腐朽观念等因素的影响，现实中还存在拜金主义、享乐主义和___等种种错误观念和看法。
A. 个人主义
B. 极端个人主义
C. 禁欲主义
D. 自由主义
【单选题】
___是以个人利益为出发点和归宿的一种思想体系和道德原则，它主张个人本身就是目的，具有最高价值，社会和他人只是达到个人目的的手段。
A. 享乐主义
B. 禁欲主义
C. 拜金主义
D. 个人主义
【单选题】
___是个人主义的一种表现形式，它突出强调以个人为中心，否认社会和他人的价值，甚至不惜采用损人利己的方式来追求自己的人生目标。
A. 享乐主义
B. 禁欲主义
C. 拜金主义
D. 极端个人主义
【单选题】
当代大学生担当新时代赋予的历史责任，应当与___，在服务人民、奉献社会的实践中创造有意义的人生。
A. 历史同向、与人民同在、与祖国同行
B. 祖国同行、与历史同向、与人民同在
C. 祖国同行、与人民同在、与历史同向
D. 历史同向、与祖国同行、与人民同在
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They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.
【简答题】
In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.
【简答题】
In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitler's military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.
【简答题】
In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.
【简答题】
Shortly afterwards, Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.
【简答题】
In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?
【简答题】
Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.
【简答题】
Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: "We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us."
【简答题】
Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat from Moscow.
【简答题】
The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winter's first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
【简答题】
As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.
【简答题】
Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.
【简答题】
By early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or "lightning war," tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.
【简答题】
Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.
【简答题】
In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the city's situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.
【简答题】
In the center of Russia, Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. "General Mud" slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack.
【简答题】
As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.
【简答题】
By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.
【简答题】
In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.
【简答题】
During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.
【简答题】
For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in World War II reached almost 23 million.
【简答题】
The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.
【单选题】
病媒生物的死体样本运送，如果4h-24h内能到达实验室的，应将样品置于-30℃冷冻后再送样，运送过程中箱内温度应保持在________。___
A. 4℃以下
B. 0℃以下
C. -20℃以下
D. 4℃以上
【单选题】
对于用作虫媒病毒分离或检测的蚊类标本，现场采集后应采用_______方式处置和运送。___
A. 杀虫剂熏杀+常温运输
B. 等蚊虫自然死亡+常温运输
C. 冷冻处死+常温运输
D. 冷冻处死+冷冻状态运输
【单选题】
截获输入性活鼠或来自鼠疫流行区死鼠及经总署专家组确认和复核属于全国口岸首次截获的病媒生物应在______报告总署。___
A. 2小时之内
B. 8小时之内
C. 12小时之内
D. 24小时之内
【单选题】
入境船舶的蚊类和蝇类等双翅目病媒生物监测调查应白天在检疫锚地停泊期间进行，锚位距陆地距离不少于______，或在船舶靠泊后_____内进行。___
A. 1000 m；1h
B. 800 m、2 h
C. 400 m、4 h
D. 100 m、24 h
【单选题】
在国境口岸或者交通工具上发现______有反常死亡或者死因不明的，国境口岸有关单位或者交通工具的负责人，必须立即向卫生检疫机关报告，迅速查明原因，实施卫生处理。___
A. 蚊类
B. 鼠类
C. 蝇类
D. 蜚蠊
